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The " md5 " argument here is what enables standard Linux MD5 password hashes, though you have the option of using old-style DES56 hashes for backwards compatibility with legacy Unix systems. While the " minlen " parameter controls the minimum password length, things are not as simple as they might appear.

But users get "length credits" for using upper- and lower-case letters, numbers, and non-alphanumeric characters. The default is normally that you can only get a maximum of "1 credit" for each type of character.

Actually, since using a lower-case letter gets you a credit, the real minimum length for an all lower-case password is minlen The maximum credit for any particular class of characters is actually customizable. The four parameters " lcredit ", " ucredit ", " dcredit ", and " ocredit " are used to set the maximum credit for lower-case, upper-case, numeric digit , and non-alphanumeric other characters, respectively. In other words, lower-case characters aren't special at all, so you get no credit there.

On the other hand we give extra credit if the user puts two or more non-alphanumeric characters in their password. One point is still the max credit for upper-case characters and numbers. Note that you may also use negative values for " lcredit ", " ucredit ", " dcredit ", and " ocredit ". Negative values force a user to use a certain number of each type of character. This means that the smallest password a user could have is 9 characters, and that's only if they use all four character sets.

Many password cracking utilities don't attempt to compute strings longer than 8 characters. Other Linux distros may have other mechanisms for updating the dictionaries as far as I can tell, RedHat doesn't provide any tools for doing this. So adding your own words is as easy as putting them in a file in one of these directories and running update-cracklib or waiting for cron to do it for you.

Making authentication password-less by using key-based authentication is more secure but it is not always possible. So for the password-based authentication password strength is important. Actually making passwords strong is easy. The important thing is making this a default behavior.

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